The path to sixth-generation (6G) wireless technology has taken a significant step forward, with Chinese researchers unveiling the world's first "full-spectrum" 6G chip. Developed by a team of scientists from Peking University and City University of Hong Kong, this chip is capable of delivering mobile internet speeds exceeding 100 gigabits per second (Gbps).
As the successor to 5G, 6G technology promises transformative advances in how we communicate. It aims to offer ultra-fast connectivity, ultra-low latency, and AI integration for real-time network management and optimization. To achieve this, 6G networks must operate across a broad frequency range, from standard microwaves up to terahertz waves. Current 5G systems rely on limited sets of radio frequencies, similar to those used in previous generations of wireless technology.
The new chip, smaller than a thumbnail at 11 millimeters by 1.7 millimeters, operates across an extensive frequency range of 0.5 GHz to 115 GHz. Previously, covering this spectrum would have required nine separate radio systems.
"Our proposed system represents a major advancement toward future full-spectrum, all-environment wireless networks," noted the researchers in their paper published in the journal Nature. "It enables reconfigurable end-to-end wireless communication, offering improvements in bandwidth, data rates, and system functionality compared to previous photonic-assisted wireless demonstrations."
One of the team's key innovations was integrating all essential components of the wireless system into a single compact chip made of thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN). Traditional systems require multiple separate components for each individual task.
The chip also employs a novel approach to signal generation and transmission. First, a broadband electro-optic modulator converts wireless signals into optical signals, which are then used to generate the desired radio frequencies via an optoelectronic oscillator. This oscillator combines light and electricity to produce stable, high-quality signals ranging from microwaves to terahertz waves. During testing, the system achieved frequency tuning across 6 GHz in just 180 microseconds—significantly faster than current technologies.
When Will 6G Arrive?
Although the development of a single full-spectrum chip marks a major breakthrough, the technology remains in its early stages. Many experts anticipate that commercial 6G networks will begin rolling out around 2030.
Before that, extensive work is needed to build the necessary infrastructure and develop compatible devices. Nevertheless, when ultra-high-speed connectivity becomes a reality, it is expected to drive a wave of new services and innovations, potentially transforming how we use the internet, advancing smart cities, and, according to some scientists, impacting nearly every aspect of daily life.
